The musical saw
 
 


 A short instruction as regards playing 
and introducing a new playing technique
 

for concise  and relaxed play
 

By Alfons Eschle 
 

german


 The instrument used by myself bears the trademark "Jäger" (C. Feldmann, Remscheid) and consists of two elements, the timber handle and the saw-blade as in the case of a normal handsaw. Unfortunately, it has genuine sawteeth, however they cannot be used as such since they are not crossed and hence there is no travel. If they were crossed, that is to say bent alternately to the right and left, the instrument would not make sound any more, but would rather lend itself for sawing timber.... Dorothea (Guitarristin im Hintergrund) in idealer Haltung
Holding facility: Board The accessories I use include a Chinese violin bow of extremely light weight, permitting almost staccato play to be performed, a metallic holder for the left hand and a holding facility in the form of a board with two short beams, the saw handle being clamped in-between. It serves the purpose of stabilizing the instrument during the play, like the tailpin of a violoncello. The saw is, therefore, not placed on the chair between the knees, but on the floor. The sawteeth point at me. 
Schraubenzieher als Führung  The instrument dimensions may vary. As for my instrument the overall length is 107.7 cm, the largest blade width 17.7 cm and the smallest 4 cm. The violin bow ought to be as light as possible. The metallic holder (instead of the bare hand or original timber holder) should be designed in such a way that it will embrace the narrow side as little as possible, while also catering for perfect guidance. It must be provided with a notch about 4 mm deep, cut out at an angle of 75° and exactly as wide as the thickness of the saw-blade. A size 5 screwdriver is an ideal tool. 

 


 
 
PHYSICAL BASIS

You are invited to make the following test: Fix the saw at such an angle that, when flexing (slight S-bend,  the non-bent blade part points upwards. Now sprinkle some granulated sugar onto this surface, whereupon you try to generate a tone by means of the bow. To this end you draw the bow lengthwise and vertically to the surface on the untoothed edge. Possibly you may also succeed by knocking carefully on the blade edge in the area where the two bent parts join together. 

You can now observe that the individual sugar grains form an oval-shaped group. The centre of this oval is the reference point on the saw-blade for the respective tone. 

Bearing this physical phenomenon in mind it is now essential to remember these points. Probably the easiest thing is to mark certain pitches as fixed points. A possible option is to mark the fifth sequences of a violin (by way of the corresponding reference tone) and then to interpolate in the play the tones in between. This means marking at g2, d3, a3 and e4, the result being a playable range from g2 to about a4. Hence we have 2.5 octaves at our disposal, going down as far as to e2 being possible. 
 

                                 a4    e4       a3        d3          g2
 
2,5 Oktaven stehen zur Verfügung 2,5 Oktaves

 
 
Stellung des Stuhles zur Säge ADVISABLE POSITION

The right-hand chair corner in front must be as close to the saw-blade as possible so that the diagonal of the chair surface is roughly in line with the saw-blade. 
 

Alfons spielt tiefen Ton This position offers great advantages: Playing is done without any effort in a leisurely position. The flexures are made very precisely, since a slip-off is no longer possible, the sound begins virtually on its own. Vibrating with the knee is dispensed with, building up and dying away of the tone are obtained by a slight touch with the bow.
Alfons spielt hohen Ton The left knee is pressed deep down (immediately underneath the teeth) to the left blade side (the sawteeth pointing at the player). 
The thigh then looks steeply downward, while the shank disappears between the chair legs. 
 
 

The right leg remains in normal sitting position with the leg close to the holding facility. Thanks to its weight the saw rests firmly in its place in spite of strong flexure. 

The right hand holds the bow somewhere in the middle, just as you do with a pencil, at right angle to the blade level. The bow is applied to the untoothed side without any pressure. 
 

 


 
 
Dorotheas Hand führt präzise The left hand, with the palm showing downward, seizes the holder inserted on the narrow blade side and pointing to the right. The small finger rests near the blade in a recess (a small piece of rubber tube), whereas the thumb presses on the other end of the holder.

 
PLAY FOR ONE VOICE

To begin with the upper part of the saw-blade is pressed to the left-hand side; the saw now describes an even arc. Virtually at the same time the left thumb presses somewhat on the holder handle; the saw-blade now forms a slight S-bend. The small finger of the left hand exerts little pressure in direction of the floor, thus compressing the blade from above. At this moment merely a short slight touch is needed – a stroke or a swift beat on the saw edge with the back of the bow or even nothing at all – to let you hear at once a weak tone. 

All of a sudden the ear must now ascertain the name of this tone and where on the saw-blade it is to be localized. With a good relative pitch, some exercise and possibly auxiliary means it is easy to recognize the tone. It is obviously an asset if a tone of well-known frequency, which was heard shortly before, is still kept in mind. In the event of a concert the prelude of the accompanying instrument is a great help in this respect. 

Before bowing the first note, the tone that was softly sounding a moment ago or is now dying away must be corrected according to the frequency desired. To this end the source of sound, i.e. the blade part producing the tone (identical to the flat part between the two bends), must be shifted in direction of the envisaged tone. This again occurs through the ear: If the envisaged tone is lower than the presented tone, the saw must be held to the right, that is to say more steeply, in the contrary case to the left. However, the slight S-bend must be retained at all times. 

This is the most delicate instant at the start of play, since the audience should not become aware of the musician's difficulty in finding the first tone. For this reason the best thing is to set the necessary flexure of the saw-blade a few seconds prior to the actual beginning of the play, very discreetly for example during the opening bars of the supporting voice. 

 It's now time for making the first tone, the bow touching the edge exactly at the point of the relevant tone, i.e. in the event of an a4 precisely on the marking for an a. The bow must be applied very softly in conjunction with an upward stroke (in direction of the frog), no downward strokes, and it ought to be exactly at right angle to the blade. During the building-up phase there is a little time left to correct the pitch once more, e.g. with the left knee (variation of the pressure against the blade). 

For the second and subsequent tones the starting point is quite different. The vibration is present all right, but the frequency is wrong. The eye instantaneously focuses on the position of the next tone. In a fast movement the blade must be brought into the new position, while also moving the bow, at first without any touch and then striking, once the correct frequency is attained and precisely at the correct rhythmical moment, again exactly at the right point of the blade. For quick passages a very short touch or a kind of beat (in direction of the blade end) with the bow hairs will suffice. 

Another possibility of frequency adjustment is the frequency vibrato. This is done with the left hand by way of pressure of the small finger in direction of the thumb. It may serve the purpose of improving the tonal expression as in the case of a singer. However, it works out well only between a3 and g2. But the complete absence of vibrato has a special charm, provided that the pitch is all right. 

Sometimes it may occur that the tone will fail, in particular as regards the bass notes. Remedial action is taken by a certain pressure of the left small finger in direction of the floor, as if you were compressing the blade in longitudinal direction. 
 

Example 
Excerpt from "On the wings of song", by F.Mendelssohn  Mendelssohn
Comparison with Theremin and saw : the theremin plays the main theme  " to the Musik" by F.Schubert                                  Theremin? look here To the music

A saw within the orchestra ?

               Dimitri Chostakowitch's opera "The Nose" requires a singing saw. Unfortunately, as often in recent compositions, this part is mostly performed with a Flexaton, by lack of an appropriate player of the saw. The effect is rather strange, since precise play is quite impossible with such a "toy".


PLAY FOR TWO VOICES 

Play for two voices is somewhat exaggerated. In a very restricted range this is actually possible by means of the overtones. Exaggerated for the reason that merely one third and one octave can be constructed, but a minor or major one. 

If you bow deliberately at the wrong point, exactly a third below the reference point, you will hear besides the preset tone also the third above. If you have carefully set the tone a, have made it ringing and bow at the level of f-sharp, you hear additionally a c, that is to say a minor third above. A major third is attained by simultaneously pressing the small finger again in direction of the floor. An octave above the reference tone is obtained by bowing exactly a fifth below the reference tone, as final tone very effective. (terz_oktav)

Example two voices
Child song. Two voices played simultaneously on one saw.  Well audibly the second voice. Notice the major and minor thirds! The fourth-leap into the upper F5 (close by the conclusion) succeeded only through  use of the oktave: Tuned to F4, but actually played at the level of B3  that is a fifth below! Fortunately the tones A4 and C4 were sub-resonating, but this shows the limits of the two voices range.  childrensong

 


 
All  examples out a concert from  Alfons Eschle in novembre 1998

 
Recommendables links
Robert Froehner
Official Homepage for Musical Saw players
supersaw
http://www.musicalsaws.com/
http://www.musicalsaw.com/

 
Margrit, meine liebste Zuhörerin
My favorite listener
I wish you a lot of fun and success 

Alfons  Eschle 
Baselstrasse 53, CH-4242 Laufen 
Switzerland 

 mailto: fesch@datacomm.ch